In 1993, Russia introduced to the public the Kalibr cruise missiles family, which can be launched from submarines, surface ships, aircraft and land platforms. The family comprises several types of anti-ship, land-attack, air-to-surface and anti-submarine missiles. It can be said that these missiles are the Russian response to the American Tomahawk missiles, which became so famous during the 1991 Gulf War. Thirty years later, the Kalibr missiles have repeated the same amazing images on TV, those of their low-altitude flight heading relentlessly towards their targets, this time over Ukraine.
Anti-ship variants: 200 or 400 kg high explosive (HE) Anti-submarine variants: 500 kg (homing torpedo) Land attack variants: conventional 450 kg high explosive – thermonuclear 50 kT (Russian variants only)
C.E.P., (circular error probability)
Land attack variant with GLONASS: 2-3 meter – Land attack variant without GLONASS: 50 meters